In an effort to give more visibility to the lives and concerns of those whose stories are not told nearly enough in disability circles, I’ve created a guest post series called Widening the Disability Perspective. I plan to open my blog space, on a regular basis, to guest posters from both the autism community and the wider disability community. If you are interested in guest posting, please contact me.
My first guest post, Meet Disability Norm, was written by Claire, who authors the blog Life with a Severely Disabled Child.
Meet Disability Norm
A few years after my daughter had her stroke and she became, as a result, severely physically and cognitively disabled, I started searching the internet for information, stories, references to…anything…that validated the life I was experiencing with this child. However, stories specific to severe combined disabilities were almost non-existent outside of the blog world (a world that I discovered only much later), and most searches involving “disability” tended to land on sites relating to activism and advocacy.
I learned from this virtual foray some of the basic characteristics of disability rights activism: the removal of architectural barriers, the refutation of the medical model in favour of the social model of disability, the engenderment of full-inclusion and community living policies, and the destruction of “better dead than disabled” stereotypes.
There is no question that these principles, these goals, on “paper,” are laudable, and their implementation long overdue. What happened in translation into a real-world working model, however, is another matter. Ironically, in their fight to “disable” limiting concepts embodied by a word like “normal,” many activists created an acceptable “norm” themselves, something I cynically call “Disability Norm.” Here is a sample:
The independent living movement has been an important part of this broader movement for disability rights. It is based on the premise that people with even the most severe disabilities should have the choice of living in the community. This can be accomplished through the creation of personal assistance services allowing an individual to manage his or her personal care, to keep a home, to have a job, go to school, worship, and otherwise participate in the life of the community. The independent living movement also advocates for the removal of architectural and transportation barriers that prevent people with disabilities from sharing fully in all aspects of our society. (emphasis mine) (http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/introduction.html)
It was repeatedly pounded home to me that my daughter could neither be happy nor “representin’” lest she was in a regular classroom environment, kept away from various “fix-it” therapies and/or surgeries, and headed toward a job living in a group home run by “Community Living” (or living independently, of course), where she could “choose” how she wanted to run her life. Ultimately, disability wasn’t just “natural;” it was a god-given gift to be celebrated!! Then, of course there was the tricky issue of “live and don’t let die”… Well, at least I got the “ramp-in-front-of-my-house” part right.
The fact of the matter is that my daughter’s needs are not supported by, nor even reflected in, Disability Norm. Because her inhibitory functions were destroyed by the stroke, she can’t stand overstimulation of any sort, be it physical or emotional. She needs to be “segregated,” to an extent, in order to be most comfortable and to function optimally. Full-inclusionary practices are at best uncomfortable and at worst unsafe. Ideological activists scream that there is nothing in between complete seclusion and full inclusion. I see many realistic options in between.
The realities of her physical condition require that she be under medical supervision: shunt, g-tube, drop foot, contractures, severe scoliosis, seizures, bouts with cyclical vomiting and hyponatremia, and near-constant physical pain. Furthermore, if there were a cure for “screwed-up brain,” I would give it to my daughter, not because I don’t love her exactly as she is, but because severe disability is no celebratory matter. Disability Norm has turned its back on the medical establishment where it should have gone in full bore to inform—and hence, transform—the model to embrace the broader social implications of its technologies and ideologies.
That my daughter could live “independently” or in a “group home” is a joke, as she can’t express her needs fully, and requires full care (with specialized equipment) and 24-hour supervision to watch for her to suddenly stop breathing. The belief that every residential environment is equivalent to “warehousing” denies the reality that such environments, when optimal and necessary, can provide better staff, better stimulation, better physical therapy, and better opportunities for supervision, comfort, and safety to the severely disabled. The complete ideological abandonment of the “institution” model in favour of community living threw the baby out with the bathwater. Now, there is little incentive to rehabilitate existing institutions, and community living remains an unsafe environment, still plagued with abuse and neglect: rock and a hard place.
Disability Norm, most significantly, oversimplifies issues of life and death. In the land of severe disability, this is never a black-or-white issue. We parents of these children are often faced with awful decisions when it comes to just how far we should or should not go in treating our children when they are in crisis. (You may go visit two such individuals here and here.) Sometimes, by the grace of god, we don’t have to make the ultimate life-or-death decision, because our children die naturally, in their own time. But more often than not, we parents are left having to decide their fate. Though the intrinsic value of any human life is, to me, irrefutable (Peter Singer be damned), there can be no blanket statement about whether or not death is preferable to life with a disability. For our children, it all depends on the disability and what is transpiring in any given moment. Sadly, the lack of any presence of disability advocacy in hospitals leaves new parents of severely disabled children particularly vulnerable: when faced with only one, narrow perspective of disability, death is usually perceived as the only option. Would Disability Norm more vigorously approach, rather than run away from, the not-so-esteemed halls of the medical establishment, this would not be the case, and these issues would be painted in broader shades of grey.
Genuine advocacy and activism would account for the existence of the most extreme end of the disability spectrum. This defies the establishment of “acceptable” parameters—Disability Norms—when it comes to the treatment of individuals with disabilities. It holds true to the fundamental principle that all people with disabilities are unique, valuable human beings who have a right to live in society in a way that best accommodates them—with the understanding that sometimes, this means life outside of society, or one where “society” is delicately and gently brought to them. Such advocacy would include a vigorous dialogue with, rather than animosity toward, the medical establishment, in order to bring it up to speed on the realities of life with disability. Such activism would be informed by the very real life-and-death situations that caregivers of those severely disabled face all too regularly.
With this broadening of perspective, I would be less likely to hear the subtle whisper of “hypocrite” in my head when reading about those vigorously decrying “ableist” views and “normate” policies, all the while positing their own Disability Norm.




